A Lesson in Shark Physiology

By Jasmine Elliot

Moving. From lectures to tutes to study to home to work. From ward rounds to volunteering to that friend’s 21st party to spending time with family. We’re ticking off our to-do lists, reaching deadlines and staring at our rainbow google calendars.

If you’re like me, you feel anxious or guilty when you’re not working towards something, with busyness an undying static sound in the background of life. It sounds counterintuitive but being busy has always been a bit of a coping mechanism, with the hope that if I stayed busy enough, the rest of my life couldn’t catch up with me.

Some of us feel a little like sharks, with motion filling our ‘gills’ with oxygen and standing still associated with a feeling of asphyxiation.

Somewhere in a downward spiral of procrastination, I did some research on shark physiology…

Fun fact #1: Not all sharks have to move to keep breathing, in fact, only 12 in 400 species do. The oldest sharks breathe by ‘buccal pumping,’ and spend time resting at the bottom of the ocean- some do both this and ‘ram ventilation’ (the type of breathing that requires motion).

Fun fact #2: We aren’t sharks. We don’t have gills, don’t breathe underwater and while our attention may be drawn to swimming dogs, we probably don’t want to eat them.

Sharks aside.

Some of us thrive by being busy, it gives us a target to shoot our metaphorical arrows at… but sometimes there are too many targets, our arms get sore and our arrows start splintering. We’re still hitting the targets, but not getting the bullseyes. From a practical standpoint, we’re not doing as well. From a more personal one, we become unwell.

Burn out is something we hear so often about, but often don’t consider properly; we know that ‘burnout is a symptom of burnout,’ but what does it actually look like past a mark in HEP on a preclin exam? It’s when I’ve measured my life by a paralysing never-ending list of tasks, paying no attention to my own mental or physical health which inevitably deteriorated. The list of tasks lost meaning – I was chronically stressed and at the end of year 12 I had nothing left to give to myself or others.

But it wasn’t study that pushed me to this point, it was my voluntary busyness. I recently read a report that people don’t enjoy spending time alone in a room with nothing to do but think. Many would rather do something than nothing – even if that something is nothing. These people opted to receive an electric shock during this time alone – an electric shock which they would pay $5 to avoid. I’m not saying getting involved and having a full life is that same as choosing an electric shock. But I was at the point where I knew that my overcommitment was detrimental, yet I kept pressing that electric shock button.

As medical students now and as medical professionals tomorrow, we’re undoubtedly busy people. But I think this notion of “crazy busy” is a cult that is so difficult to escape from. We’re defining ourselves by what we do and not how we’re doing. We answer ‘busy’ to ‘how are you?’ as if this gives some reflection to our internal being.

In a world where everything is moving, stopping for a moment might feel synonymous with not breathing but unscheduled time isn’t meaningless, nor does back-to-back scheduling enrich ourselves.

Idleness gives us the opportunity to check in with ourselves; to reconnect with our targets, replenish our arrows and restring our bows. This article is probably one of many tabs you have open right now. I would encourage you, at some point, to close all of these and take a minute or two to stop and breathe. Bake something, go for a run, mindlessly float around the internet. It’s time we applauded people for looking after themselves rather than wearing busyness as a badge of honour… because we aren’t sharks.

Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body and deprived of it, we suffer a mental affliction as disfiguring as rickets.

-Tim Kreider

 

 

Advice from one very tired person to another

By Nicola

Oh, sleep… that really great thing we all wish we got more of! This week’s topic is all about sleep, it’s function, and some tips to help get more of it. We’re going to get educational here, so buckle in for some good ol’ VIA revision that will hopefully convince you to stop studying/watching Netflix/playing LoL and get some shut eye.

Sleep has three main important functions. One, NREM (non-REM) sleep is for restoration and repair, it allows for tissue repair and energy recovery. Two, REM sleep has a big role in memory consolidation* (*pro-tip: study something really important just before bed!). Three, sleep overall is a method to conserve energy and hence is a protective mechanism, something we can observe in hibernating animals.

When we don’t get enough sleep (which, mind you, is so often with all of us…), there are a plethora of consequences that accumulate. We have the real obvious one – we don’t perform as well the next day, yawning through a 8-10 hour day of placement and lectures, and making more errors in seemingly easy tasks. There is an increase in our sympathetic nervous system drive, which over time predisposes us to hypertension. A change in dietary and hunger hormones causes a higher appetite and probable weight gain. Lastly there is higher levels of nocturnal cortisol secretion which can lead to insulin resistance.

Have I convinced you to go to sleep yet?

The balance between our sleep drive and our wake drive (i.e. the Circadian rhythm), plus the role of melatonin, promote sleepiness when we need sleep and will wake us up when we need to get up. Things like, having varying sleeping and waking times make it difficult for this homeostatic mechanism to work effectively, explaining partially why sometimes we wake up feeling absolutely awful (some of it might also be because it’s 5:30am and we need to be on ward rounds by 7am). This kind of imbalance is seen with shift workers or in jet lag, and have been demonstrated in a multitude of studies to be associated with impaired attention, poor decision making, mood alterations, and even higher incidences of cancer long-term.

How about now? Are you feeling sleepy?

One of the biggest contributor to our poor sleep patterns, other than staying up to all hours studying, is being on our screens too late. The effect of blue light on our Circadian rhythm and melatonin secretion has been researched by Harvard University, and even dim light can mess it up. Blue light isn’t all bad though, during the day it’s awesome – boosting attention, improving reaction times, and mood. With blue light in our faces all night, our poor brain thinks it’s still daytime.

But just filtering out our blue light emitting screens isn’t going to solve all of our sleep issues, it helps a lot though. The best thing to do is have great sleep hygiene. This is defined as “recommended behavioural and environmental practice that is intended to promote better quality sleep”.

Here’s a (not exhaustive) list of things which are associated with a better night’s sleep:

  • Sleep scheduling, this is having a set time to fall asleep and wake up every day. This is difficult with the changing schedule of clinical placements and classes, but I found that at least trying to get to sleep at the same time every night helps!
  • Aim for that 20-30 minutes of exercise every day, but no later than a few hours before bed. You get all the fun, no-metabolic-syndrome-benefits of exercise but it’ll also tire you out enough to sleep.
  • Meditate! (I am so so so sorry that pre-clin ruined it for you, I promise it’s good). Apps like “Calm” or “Headspace” have specific guided sleep meditations.
  • Read a book before bed (and I mean a paper back one, e-books have no place here).
  • Avoid caffeine later in the day. Say… no later than 3pm… I know, shocking right, but that stuff hangs around in your system for ages! That includes caffeinated teas too! It’s suggested to not have any caffeination 6 to 8 hours before bed.
  • Try and have your bedroom for sleepy times and sexy times only, no study times. Again this is super difficult if you’re in student accommodation (read: a shoebox), but maybe try studying at the library or in the lounge room.
  • Don’t lie in bed awake, get up and do something else and come back to bed once you’re tired.
  • Listen to a sleep podcast, this is a really good one – Sleep Restore.

Good things come to those who wait – change isn’t going to happen overnight. Sleep hygiene and consequently improved sleep is a habit you need to work on. Did you know it takes approx. 4-6 weeks for form a habit? Good luck, and enjoy your new-found good nights of sleep 💤

 

P.S. in all seriousness, if you’re having trouble with getting to sleep, staying asleep, or having daytime sleepiness, especially after trying the above tips, please see your doctor 🙂

An Uncomfortable Truth

By Natasha Rasaratnam 

I was lucky. I was lucky that my grandparents left Sri Lanka to seek a better, more hopeful future for their children. I was lucky that I did not have to grow up in a war-torn country whose scars are only beginning to heal. Yet for those who lived through the 25-year civil war, the trauma is everlasting, hiding under the facade of a country that wants to forget the legacy of its conflicts. It is no surprise that after these decades of violence, mental health issues have risen dramatically in Sri Lanka. Yet this spike has not been adequately met with appropriate treatment and education. At its core, this crisis is underpinned by an entrenched cultural stigma towards mental health conditions.

Stigma is when there is a negative perception of someone based soley on them experiencing a mental health issue. More often than not, stigmas aren’t born from malicious intent rather due to a lack of understanding yet nonetheless they create a barrier for people to seek help. In Sri Lanka, it can sometimes be thought that having a mental illness or being associated with someone who does, negatively affects your employment and marital opportunities. This is exacerbated by a lack of mental health workers and information that is not readily available to the public. As a result, particularly in rural areas, it is more common to take people to faith healers or temples rather than seeking professional help. There are also cultural associations that link these illnesses with the notion of ‘karma’ and resulting in them being considered as fate with blame being laid on the person themselves. There are also some views that mental illness simply doesn’t exist and people “just need to get on with it”. This dismissive perception associated with mental illness is deep-rooted and spreads beyond South Asia to immigrant communities worldwide.

Closer to home, despite all the ‘R U OK days’ and mental health awareness events, there are still communities in Australia in which mental health is a stigma. Although we’ve made vast improvement to tackling the stigma surrounding mental health conditions, we must not be complacent in thinking we have completely solved the problem.

Growing up in a migrant community has its ups and downs. Everyone is friendly and wants to know about you… maybe too much at times. Coming from a Sri Lankan background, it is not unusual to hear older members of the community dismiss depression as a weakness of character and not a valid health condition. Similarly, suicide is often mentioned in hushed tones, more a source of shame rather than the tragedy it is. Of course, these attitudes cannot be generalised to all members of the community and I am lucky to be surrounded by a family that understands and values the importance of mental wellbeing.

Yet the consequence of this underlying stigma can have devastating effects on those already isolated due to their mental health. A friend was told to “just pray it away” by family members as a cure for her severe depression. Although faith can be a healing force, the dismissiveness of these comments resulted in a toxic environment at home of further isolation and distrust. Mental health stigmas not only stop people from speaking out about their health but can also worsen the situation perpetuating a vicious cycle.

These perceptions are so ingrained in the older generations of migrant communities it’s difficult to weed them out. Unlike Sri Lanka, Australia has the resources and educational tools to reform and erode taboos such as these. However, despite their admirable aims events run by organisations such as Beyond Blue and Headspace can have little reach to address older members of the community.

To an extent this is also a generational problem rather than a cultural one. Hence, it falls upon us as the next generation to strive to engage in a conversation with our parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles about mental health.  For all their flaws, migrant communities are tight knit, and it is this support which can be utilised to help those struggling the most rather than demonising them. Cultural leaders have the power to make change and it is only through our conversations with them that we can start to see this stigma being overcome. We’re the lucky ones – we have resources and information at our fingertips. Our communities’ ignorance can no longer be an excuse.